Vitalik Buterin proposed enhancements for Ethereum's L1 and L2 scaling to improve data throughput and proof systems. He emphasized expanding blob capacity and interoperability to simplify cross-chain operations, asserting that a single chain cannot fulfill all needs without risking decentralization. Buterin highlighted the importance of security on L2s through multiple proving systems and standardized bridges, advocating for blob space expansion to alleviate layer-2 congestion. He discussed the need for a coordinated roadmap and experimental concepts for stakers with fewer resources while cautioning against designs that could undermine Ethereum's principles. Interoperability is prioritized, with rollups acting as unique shards leading to fragmentation. Buterin proposed unified proof verification methods, accelerated deposit and withdrawal times, and chain-specific addresses to enhance user experience. He addressed economic incentives to reinforce ETH as a primary asset, suggesting rollups deposit fees back into the ecosystem. The Ethereum Foundation is restructuring to enhance developer collaboration while maintaining decentralization. Buterin called for community involvement in governance and emphasized the need for flexible, trust-minimized systems to support diverse applications.